I. Tasks, contents, classification and requirements of the preparatory work

1.Basic tasks of construction preparation work

为拟建工程的施工建立必要的技术和劳资条件，统筹安排施工施工力量和施工现场。

2.The importance of construction preparation

Construction preparation is an important part of the production and management of construction enterprises。

Construction preparation is an important stage of building construction procedure。

Prepare for construction and reduce construction risks。

Do a good job of construction preparation, improve the comprehensive economic benefits of enterprises。

3.Classification and contents of construction preparation work

Classification of construction preparations

a.It is classified according to different scope of construction preparation work

  (1) Total construction preparation (full-field construction preparation)

  (2) Preparation of construction conditions for a single (unit) project

  (3) Preparation of sub-division (sub-item) engineering operation conditions

b.It is classified according to the different construction stage of the project

  (1) Construction preparation before commencement

  (2) Construction preparation before each stage of construction

C.Requirements for construction preparation work

The construction preparation work should be organized, planned and carried out step by step。

Establish a strict construction preparation work responsibility system and corresponding inspection system。

We will adhere to the procedures for capital construction and strictly implement the reporting system for commencement of construction。

Construction preparation work must go through the whole construction process。

The construction preparation work shall obtain the friendly support and cooperation of the relevant cooperative units。
Second, the construction site personnel preparation

劳动组织准备的范围既有整个建筑施工企业的劳动组织准备，又有大型综合的拟建建设项目的劳动组织准备，也有小型简单的拟建单位工程的劳动组织准备。这里仅以一个拟建工程项目为例，说明其劳动组织准备工作的内容如下:

1.Labor force organizational readiness

Labor organization preparation includes: construction management and operation level

（1）Establish the leadership of the proposed project

（2）Organize a capable construction team

（3）Assemble construction force and organize labor force to enter

（4）Inform the construction team and workers of construction organization, design, planning and technology

（5）Establish and improve various management systems

2.Establish the leadership of the proposed project            

The establishment of construction organization should follow the following principles: According to the scale, structural characteristics and complexity of the proposed project，确定拟建工程项目施工的领导机构人选和名额;坚持合理分工与密切协作相结合;把有施工经验、有创新精神、有工作效率的人选入领导机构;认真执行因事设职、因职选人的原则。

To establish the project organization is to establish the project management department。

(一Steps for the establishment of the project management department;

（1）According to enterprise approvalThe "Project Management planning Outline" defines the management tasks and organizational forms of the project management department;

（2) Determine the level of project manager, establish functional departments and positions;

（3) Determine personnel, responsibilities and authority;

（4) Target decomposition shall be carried out by the project manager according to the "Project Management Target Responsibility Letter";

（5) Organize relevant personnel to formulate rules and regulations, target responsibility assessment, reward and punishment system。

(二)项目经理部的组织形式应根据施工项目的规模、结构复杂程度、专业特点、人员素质和地域范围确定。

（1) Large and medium-sized projects should set up project management department according to matrix project management;

（2）远离企业管理层的大中型项目宜按事业部式项目管理组织设置项目经理部；

（3) Small projects should set up project management department according to the linear functional project management organization。

2.Establish a capable construction team            

施工队组的建立要认真考虑专业、工种的合理配合，技工、普工的比例要满足合理的劳动组织，要符合流水施工组织方式的要求，确定建立施工队组 (是专业施工队组，或是混合施工队组），要坚持合理、精干的原则;同时制定出该工程的劳动力需要量计划。

3.Assemble construction force and organize labor force to enter          

工地的领导机构确定之后，按照开工日期和劳动力需要量计划，组织劳动力进场。同时要进行安全、防火和文明施工等方面的教育，并安排好职工的生活。

4.Inform the construction team and workers of construction organization, design, planning and technology          

① Objective:是把拟建工程的设计内容、施工计划和施工技术等要求，详尽地向施工队组和工人讲解交待。This is a good way to implement planning and technical accountability。

② Time:在单位工程或分部分项工程开工前及时进行，以保证工程严格地按照设计图纸，施工组织设计、安全操作规程和施工验收规范等要求进行施工。

③ Content:

(1)工地(队)交底中有关内容：如是否具备施工条件、与    其他工种之间的配合与矛盾等，向甲方提出要求，让其出面协调等。

(2)施工范围、工程量、工作量和施工进度要求：主要根据自己的实际情况，实事求是的向甲方说明即可。

(3)施工图纸的解说：设计者的大体思路，以及自己以后在施工中存在的问题等。

(4)施工方案措施：根据工程的实况，编制出合理、有效的施工组织设计以及安全文明施工方案等

(5)操作工艺和保证Quality safety的措施：先进的机械设备和高素质的工人等

(6)工艺质量标准和评定办法：参照现行的行业标准以及相应的设计、验收规范

(7) Technical inspection and inspection acceptance requirements: including self-inspection and supervision of sampling inspection standards

(8) Indicators and measures for increasing production and saving:

(9) Contents and requirements of technical records;

(10) Other construction precautions。

④ Way:There are written forms, oral forms and on-site demonstration forms

5.Establish and improve various management systems            

(1) Post responsibility system for project management personnel;

(2) Project technical management system;

(3) Project quality management system;

(4) Project safety management system;

(5) Project planning, statistics and progress management system;

(6) Project cost accounting system;

(7) Project materials, machinery and equipment management system;

(8) Project site management system;

(9) Project allocation and reward system;

(10) Project regular meeting and construction log system;

(11) Project subcontracting and labor management system;

(12) Project organization and coordination system;

(13) Project information management system。

6.Optimize labor mix and technical training

（1）针对工程施工难点，组织工程技术人 员和工人队组中的骨干力量，进行类似的工程的考察学习；

（2）做好专业工程技术培训，提高对新工艺、新材料使用操作的适应能力；

（3) Strengthen quality awareness, do a good job in quality education, and enhance the concept of quality;

（4）工人队组实行优化组合，双向选择，动态管理，最大限度地调动职工的积极性；

（5) Conscientiously and comprehensively carry out the implementation of construction organization design and technical disclosure;

（6) Do a good job in construction safety, fire safety and civilized construction education。

Third, construction site preparation

1.The concept and purpose of construction site preparation

施工现场是施工的全体参加者为夺取优质、高速、低消耗的目标，而有节奏、均衡连续地进行战术决战的活动空间。

施工现场的准备工作，主要是为了给拟建工程的施工创造有利的施工条件和物资保证。

2. Content prepared for construction site

（1) Do a good job of "three links and one level"

（2) Do a good job of the construction site control network measurement

（3) Build temporary facilities

（4) Installation and commissioning of construction equipment

（5) Do a good job of supplementary exploration of the construction site

（6) Storage and stacking of building structures (fittings), products and materials

（7) Provide test application plans for building materials in a timely manner

（8) Set up fire and security facilities

（9) Remove obstacles 

1.搞好"Three links and one level"

"Three links and one level"Refers to water, road, electric, site leveling。

"Five links and one level"Refers to water, electricity, road, communication, gas, site leveling。

"Seven channels and one level"Refers to water supply, drainage, electricity, roads, communications, gas, heat, site leveling。

路通：The road at the construction site is the artery that organizes the transportation of materials。拟建工程开工前，必须按照施工总平面图的要求，修好施工现场的永久性道路(包括厂区铁路;厂区公路)以及必要的临时性道路，形成完整畅通的运输网络，为建筑材料进场、堆放创造有利条件。

水通：Water is indispensable to the production and life of the construction site。Prior to commencement of the proposed project, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the general construction plan."接通施工用水和生活用水的管线，使其尽可能与永久性的给水系统结合起来，做好地面排水系统，为施工创造良好的环境。

电通：Electricity is the main source of power at the construction site。拟建工程开工前，要按照施工组织设计的要求，接通电力和电讯设施，做好其他能源 (如蒸汽、压缩空气)的供应，确保施工现场动力设备和通讯设备的正常运行。

Site levelling:按照建筑施工总平面图的要求，首先拆除场地上防碍施工的建筑物或构筑物，然后根据建筑总平面图规定的标高和土方竖向设计图纸，进行挖(填)土方的工程量计算，确定平整场地的施工方案，进行平整场地的工作。

2.Control network survey of construction site            

(1) 按照设计单位提供的建筑总平面图及给定的永久性经纬座标控制网和水准控制基桩，进行厂区施工测量，设置厂区的永久性经纬座标桩，水准基桩和建立厂区工程测量控制网。

(2) 在测量放线时，应校验校正经纬仪、水准仪、钢尺等测量仪器；校核结线桩与水准点制定切实可行的测量方案包括平面控制、标高控制，沉降观测和竣工测量等工作；

(3) 建筑物定位放线，一般通过设计图中平面控制轴线来确定建筑物位置，测定并经自检合格后提交有关部门和建设单位或监理人员验线，以保证定位的准确性。沿红线的建筑物放线后，还要由城市规划部门验线以防止建筑物压红线或超红线，为正常顺利地施工创造条件。

3.Set up temporary facilities          

按照施工总平面图的布置，建造临时设施，为正式开工准备好生产、办公、生活、居住和储存等临时用房。

4.Install and debug construction equipment    

按照施工机具需要量计划，组织施工机具进场，根据施工总平面图将施工机具安置在规定的地点或仓库。For the fixed equipment to be in place, scaffolding, power, maintenance and debugging work。All construction equipment must be inspected and tested before commencement。

5.Do a good job of supplementary exploration of the construction site            

对施工现场做补充勘探是为了进一步寻找枯井、防空洞、古墓、地下管道、暗沟和枯树根等隐蔽物，以便及时拟定处理隐蔽物的方案，并进行实施。Create favorable conditions for foundation construction。

6.Ready construction Storage and stacking of parts, products and materials            

According to building materials, construction (配)件和制品的需要量计划组织进场，根据施工总平面图规定的地点和指定的方式进行储存和堆放。

7.Provide test application plans for building materials in a timely manner            

Provide the test application plan of building materials in time according to the demand plan of building materials。Such as the mechanical properties and chemical composition of steel tests;Test of mix ratio and strength of concrete or mortar。

8.Set up fire and security facilities            

Fire protection shall be established according to the requirements of construction organization design and the layout of construction general plan。Security and other organizations and relevant rules and regulations, arrange fire, security and other measures。

9.Remove obstacles            

（1) All above-ground and underground obstacles on the construction site shall be removed before commencement;

（2) For the demolition of the house, generally as long as the water source and power supply can be removed。若采用爆破的方法时，必须经有关部门批准，需要由专业的爆破作业人员来承担；

（3）架空电线（电力、通讯）、地下电缆（包括电力、通讯）的拆除，要与电力部门或通讯部门联系并办理有关手续后方可进行；

（4）自来水、污水、煤气、热力等管线的拆除，都应与有关部门取得联系，办好手续后由专业公司来完成；

（5) If there are trees in the site, they can be felled only after being approved by the garden department;

（6) When removing obstacles, the debris left behind should be removed outside the site。

4. Technical preparation

Technical preparation is the core of construction preparation。由于任何技术的差错或隐患都可能引起人身安全和质量事故，造成生命、财产和经济的巨大损失。Therefore, technical preparations must be made carefully。

The details are as follows:

1.Familiar with, review drawings

2.Prepare the construction organization design after winning the bid

3.Prepare construction drawing budget and construction budget

4.Investigation and analysis of primary data

Familiar with, review drawings            

(A) familiar with and review the purpose of construction drawings

（1）为了能够按照设计图纸的要求顺利地进行施工，生产出符合设计要求的最终产品；

（2）为了能在开工前，使从事的建设工程施工技术与管理人员充分了解和掌握设计图纸的设计意图、结构特点和技术要求；

（3）通过审查，发现图纸中出现的问题和错误，使之在开工之前得到改正，为正式施工提供一份准确地设计图纸。

(2) Familiar with and review the basis of construction drawings

（1）建设单位和设计单位提供的初步设计、施工图设计、建设工程总平面等资料；

（2) Original data collected by investigation;

（3) Design, construction acceptance specifications and relevant technical provisions。

(3) Contents of joint examination of drawings

（1) Whether the design is without license or leapfrog design;Whether the drawing has been formally signed by the design unit。

（2) Whether the geological exploration data are complete。

（3) Whether the design drawings and descriptions meet the local requirements。

（4) Whether the design seismic intensity meets the local requirements。

（5）几个设计单位共同设计的图纸相互间有无矛盾；专业图纸之间、平立剖面图之间有无矛盾；标注有无遗漏。

（6) Whether the general plane is consistent with the geometric size, plane position and elevation of the construction drawing。

（7) Whether fire prevention and fire protection are satisfied。

（8）建筑结构与各专业图纸本身是否有差错及矛盾；结构图与建筑图的平面尺寸及标高是否一致；建筑图与结构图的表示方法是否清楚；是否符合制图标准；预埋件是否表示清楚；有无钢筋明细表或钢筋的构造要求在图中是否表示清楚。

（9) Whether the construction unit of the various standard drawing books listed in the construction drawings has it。

（10）材料来源有无保证，能否代换；图中所要求的条件能否满足；新材料、新技术的应用是否有问题。

（11）地基处理方法是否合理，建筑与结构构造是否存在不能施工、不便于施工的核技术问题，或容易导致质量、安全、工程费用增加等方面的问题。

（12）工艺管道、电气线路、设备装置、运输道路与建筑物之间或相互间有无矛盾，布置是否合理。

（13) Whether the construction safety and environmental health are guaranteed。

（14) Whether the drawings meet the requirements set forth in the supervision outline。

(4) Review procedures。

熟悉、审查设计图纸的程序通常分为自审阶段、会审阶段和现场签证等三个阶段。

① Self-examination stage of design drawing。

After the construction unit receives the design drawings and relevant technical documents of the proposed project。应尽快地组织有关的工程技术人员熟悉和自审图纸，写出自审图纸的记录。The records of self-audited drawings shall include questions about the design drawings and relevant suggestions on the design drawings。

② Joint review stage of design drawings。

一般由建设单位主持，由设计单位和施工单位、监理单位参加，三方进行设计图纸的会审。图纸会审时，首先由设计单位的工程主设人向与会者说明拟建工程的设计依据、意图和功能要求，并对特殊结构、新材料、新工艺和新技术提出设计要求;然后施工单位根据自审记录以及对设计意图的了解，提出对设计图纸的疑问和建议，形成"图纸会审纪要"，由建设单位正式行文，参加单位共同会签、盖章，作为与设计文件同时使用的技术文件和指导施工的依据。

③ Site visa phase of design drawings。

During the construction of the proposed project，If the construction conditions are found to be inconsistent with the conditions of the design drawings，Or find that there are still errors in the drawing，Or because the specification and quality of the material can not meet the design requirements，Or because the construction unit put forward reasonable suggestions，When it is necessary to revise the design drawing in time，A visa regime for technical approval and design changes shall be followed，Conduct construction site visa for drawings。如果设计变更的内容对拟建工程的规模、投资影响较大时，要报请项目的原批准单位批准。在施工现场的图纸修改、技术核定和设计变更资料，都要有正式的文字记录，归入拟建工程施工档案，作为指导施工、竣工验收和工程结算的依据。

（五） Familiar with relevant codes, procedures and technical requirements

1.Prepare the construction organization design after winning the bid            

施工组织设计是施工准备工作的重要组成部分，也是指导施工现场全部生产活动的技术经济文件。The whole process of construction production is a very complicated process of re-creation of material wealth，为了正确处理人与物、主体与辅助、工艺与设备、专业与协作、供应与消耗、生产与储存、使用与维修以及它们在空间布置、时间排列之间的关系，It must be based on the scale of the proposed project, structural characteristics and the requirements of the construction unit，On the basis of original data investigation and analysis，A scientific scheme which can guide all construction activities of the project is drawn up (Construction organization design)。

2.Prepare construction drawing budget and construction budget            

(1) Construction drawing budget

施工图预算是技术准备工作的重要组成部分，它是按照施工图确定的工程量，施工组织设计所拟定的施工方法，建筑预算定额及取费标准，由施工单位主持编制的确定工程造价的文件。是施工企业签订工程承包合同、工程结算、银行贷款、成本核算、加强经营管理等工作的重要依据。

(2) Construction budget

施工预算是施工单位根据施工合同价款、施工图纸，施工组织设计或施工方案、施工定额等文件进行编制的企业内部经济文件，它直接受施工合同中合同价款的控制，是施工前的一项重要准备工作。

(3) The difference between the construction drawing budget and the construction budget

施工图预算是甲乙双方确定预算单价、发生经济联系的技术经济文件；而施工预算则是施工企业内部经济核算的依据。Comparison of construction drawing budget and construction budget consumption and economic benefitsThe comparison of "two calculations" is an important means to promote construction enterprises to reduce material consumption and increase accumulation。

5. Preparation of site production materials

Materials and structures (配)件、制品、机具和设备是保证施工顺利进行的物资基础，这些物资的准备工作必须在工程开工之前完成。根据各种物资的需要量计划，分别落实货源，安排运输和储备，使其满足连续施工的要求。

Contents of material preparation:

(1) Preparation of building materials

(2) Preparation for processing of parts and products

(3) Preparation of building installation machines

(4) Formwork and scaffolding preparation

(5) Preparation of production process equipment

1.Preparation of building materials            

The preparation of building materials is mainly analyzed according to the construction budget，According to the construction schedule，Summary according to material name, specification, ore material reserve quota and consumption quota when used，Prepare material requirement plan，It provides the basis for organizing material preparation, determining the area required for warehouse and site stacking and organizing transportation;

2.构Preparation of parts and products for processing          

Construction provided according to construction budget(配)件、制品的名称、规格、质量和消耗量，确定加工方案和供应渠道以及进场后的储存地点和方式，编制出其需要量计划，为组织运输、确定堆场面积等提供依据。

3.Preparation of building installation equipment          

根据采用的施工方案，安排施工进度，确定施工机械的类型、数量和进场时小确定施工机具的供应办法和进场后的存放地点和方式，编制建筑安装机具的需要量计划，为组织运输，确定堆场面积等提供依据;

4.Prepare formwork and scaffolding          

5.Preparation of production process equipment          

按照拟建工程生产工艺流程及工艺设备的布置图一提出工艺设备的名称、型号、生产能力和需要量，确定分期分批进场时间和保管方式，编制工艺设备需要量计划，为组织运输，确定堆场面积提供依据。

Procedures for material preparation:

The procedure of material preparation is an important means to do a good job in material preparation。The procedure is usually as follows:

(1) Preparation of material requirements plan

According to construction budget, division (项)工程施工方法和施工进度的安排，拟定国拨材料、统配材料、地方Materials and structures (配)件及制品、施工机具和工艺设备等物资的需要量计划;

(2) Organize the source of goods

根据各种物资需薷量计划，组织货源，确定加工、供应地点和供应方式，签订物资供应合同;

(3) Transportation plan

Draw up transport plans and schemes according to the demand plans and contracts of various materials;

(4) Storage and custody of materials

按照施工总平面图的要求，组织物资按计划时间进场，在指定地点，按规定方式进行储存或堆放。
6. Seasonal construction preparation

1.Preparation for construction during rain            

（1) Reasonable arrangement of rain construction。应多安排完成基础、地下工程、土方工程、室外及屋面工程等不宜在雨期施工的项目；多留些室内工作在雨期施工；

（2) Strengthen construction management and do a good job of safety education in rainy construction;

（3) Flood control and drainage, do a good job of on-site drainage;

（4) Do a good job of road maintenance to ensure smooth transportation;

（5) Good storage of materials;

（6) Do a good job of machinery and equipment protection

2.Winter construction preparation            

（1）根据实物工程量提前组织有关机具、外加剂和保温材料测温材料进场；

（2）搭建加热用的锅炉房、搅拌站、敷设管道，对锅炉进行试火试压，对各种加热的材料、设备要检查其安全可靠性；

（3) Calculate transformer capacity, energy-saving power supply;

（4）工地的临时给排水管道及白灰膏等材料做好保温防冻工作，防止道路积水成冰，及时清扫积雪，保证运输顺利；

（5）做好冬期施工混凝土、砂浆及掺外加剂的试配试验工作，提出施工配合比；

（6）做好室内施工项目的保温，如先完成供热系统，安装好门 窗玻璃等，以保证室内其他项目能顺利施工。

3.Preparation for summer construction          

（1) Prepare the construction plan of the summer construction project。

（2) Prepare on-site lightning protection devices。

（3) Preparation of construction personnel for heat prevention and cooling。